Welcome to one of Goa’s most cherished and spiritually uplifting events—the Feast of St. Francis Xavier. You might be a devout pilgrim or just someone curious about the rich traditions that shape this vibrant region. In either case, you're in for something special.

Every year, from late November to early December, Old Goa transforms into a spiritual powerhouse. It draws in crowds from across the globe. This isn’t just any religious gathering. It’s a celebration of faith, history, and community that has been centuries in the making. And when the Exposition rolls around, it takes the experience to an entirely new level. It offers a rare glimpse into a tradition that’s as miraculous as it is moving.

In this guide, we're diving deep into everything you need to know about the Feast and the Exposition. We will learn what makes them so significant, how you can best experience them, and why they should be on your must-visit list. Whether you're planning your visit or just want to soak in the stories, let’s explore this incredible event together!

1. Let's Understand the Feast of St. Francis Xavier

Historical Significance

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is not just a local celebration. It is a globally recognized event rooted in the history of Christianity's spread in Asia. It is centred around St. Francis Xavier.

He was a founding member of the Jesuit order. He helped spread the faith across India, Japan, and Southeast Asia in the 16th century. His tireless missionary work, deep compassion, and miraculous deeds earned him sainthood.

The feast celebrates his life, his contributions, and his deep connection with Goa, where his body is enshrined.

Why Goa?

Goa holds a special place in the story of St. Francis Xavier. After his death in 1552 on Shangchuan Island in China, his body was brought back to Goa, where it was found to be miraculously incorrupt.

The Basilica of Bom Jesus in Old Goa became his final resting place, making it a sacred site. Goa's colonial Portuguese roots also intertwine with Xavier's story. You see, he was a key figure in the evangelization efforts of the Portuguese empire.

Global Importance

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated not only in Goa but also by Catholic communities worldwide. However, Goa's celebration is unparalleled in scale and fervor.

Pilgrims from across the globe visit Goa to honor the saint, seeking his intercession and blessings. The feast is a time of prayer, reflection, and community bonding. Thus making it one of the most significant religious events in the Catholic calendar.

2. Overview of the Exposition

What is the Exposition?

The Exposition is a rare event where the sacred relics of St. Francis Xavier are brought out for public veneration. Normally, his body lies in a silver casket within the Basilica of Bom Jesus, visible but not accessible.

During the Exposition, the relics are placed in a glass case and paraded around, allowing the faithful to get closer to the saint’s remains.

This event is a deeply spiritual experience for Catholics. It symbolizes the physical and spiritual connection between the saint and his followers.

Frequency and Timing

The Exposition doesn’t happen every year; it’s a rare occurrence, traditionally held every ten years, although this can vary.

The most recent Exposition was held in 2014-2015, and before that in 2004. The next one is expected to take place around 2024-2025.

The event usually lasts for about 45 days, giving pilgrims plenty of time to visit and pay their respects.

Why It's Special

The Exposition is special not only because of its rarity but also due to the immense planning and reverence involved. It’s a time when Old Goa becomes the heart of Catholicism in India.

It draws in not just locals but also international pilgrims, dignitaries, and tourists. The experience is both solemn and uplifting, with a palpable sense of devotion in the air.

It’s an opportunity for the faithful to feel a closer connection to St. Francis Xavier. It is a time where many report spiritual awakenings and answered prayers.

3. The Basilica of Bom Jesus

Architecture and History

The Basilica of Bom Jesus is a stunning example of Baroque architecture, and it’s one of the most iconic landmarks in Goa. Constructed in 1605, it has stood the test of time, both physically and spiritually. The church's façade is an intricate blend of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles, giving it a majestic yet serene appearance.

Inside, the church is relatively simple, with the main attraction being the mausoleum of St. Francis Xavier. The silver casket containing the saint's remains was a gift from the Grand Duke of Tuscany and is an exquisite piece of craftsmanship.

Relics of St. Francis Xavier

The relics of St. Francis Xavier are the centerpiece of the Basilica. His body, despite being over 470 years old, remains relatively well-preserved. It is a phenomenon that many consider miraculous.

The casket is usually displayed high above the ground, but during the Exposition, it’s brought down for closer viewing. Visitors often describe the experience as deeply moving. They feel a sense of peace and spiritual fulfillment in the presence of the saint's relics.

Visiting Tips

To get the best experience, it’s advisable to visit early in the morning, especially during the Exposition, as the Basilica can get very crowded. Be prepared for long queues, but know that the wait is worth it.

Dress modestly as a sign of respect, and consider taking a guided tour to fully appreciate the church's history and significance. Photography is allowed, but remember to be respectful of worshippers.

4. Key Rituals and Ceremonies

Novena

The Novena is a series of nine days of prayer and reflection that precedes the feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It’s a deeply spiritual period where the faithful gather at the Basilica of Bom Jesus to pray for blessings and guidance.

Each day of the Novena focuses on different aspects of St. Francis Xavier’s life and virtues. This makes it a time of introspection and spiritual renewal. For many, attending the Novena is as important as being present on the feast day itself.

Solemn High Mass

On December 3rd, the feast day, the Solemn High Mass is the pinnacle of the celebrations. The Mass is presided over by the Archbishop of Goa, often attended by clergy from across the world.

The liturgy is grand and elaborate, with traditional hymns, prayers, and a sermon that reflects on the life and teachings of St. Francis Xavier.

The church is packed to capacity, and large screens are set up outside to accommodate the overflow of pilgrims. The atmosphere is one of reverence, joy, and communal unity.

Processions

The processions are another highlight of the feast, particularly during the Exposition. The relics of St. Francis Xavier are carried through the streets of Old Goa, accompanied by hymns, prayers, and the sound of church bells.

These processions are deeply symbolic. They represent the journey of faith and the spreading of the Gospel, much like St. Francis Xavier’s missionary work. The processions are usually followed by special blessings, and for many, it is a moment of intense spiritual connection.

5. The Pilgrimage Experience

Pilgrims' Journey

Pilgrims travel from all corners of the globe to be part of the Feast of St. Francis Xavier. Many walk long distances to reach Old Goa, often journeying for days or even weeks. This pilgrimage is seen as an act of devotion, penance, and faith. The journey itself is as spiritually significant as the destination.

During travel, pilgrims often form strong bonds with fellow travelers along the way. The roads leading to Old Goa are filled with a sense of anticipation and spiritual energy, as pilgrims sing hymns and recite prayers.

Spiritual Significance

For the pilgrims, the Feast of St. Francis Xavier is a time of deep spiritual renewal. Many come seeking healing, miracles, or to give thanks for blessings received. The presence of the saint’s relics is believed to bring grace and divine intervention.

Thus making this pilgrimage a powerful experience for believers. The act of traveling to Goa, participating in the rituals, and venerating the relics is seen as a journey towards spiritual growth and closer communion with God.

Accommodation and Facilities

Given the large number of visitors, finding accommodation during the feast can be challenging. Pilgrims often stay in simple lodgings, guesthouses, or even with local families who open their homes.

The Church and local authorities set up temporary shelters to accommodate the overflow.

This ensures that everyone has a place to rest. Basic amenities such as food stalls, water stations, and medical facilities are provided. But it’s wise to book your stay well in advance if you are planning to visit.

6. Local Traditions and Celebrations

Cultural Performances

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is not just a religious event; it’s also a time of cultural celebration. Throughout the feast, various cultural performances are held, including traditional Goan dances like the Mando and Dhalo, as well as music concerts featuring local and international artists.

These performances add a festive atmosphere to the event, reflecting Goa’s rich cultural heritage and the blend of religious and secular celebrations.

Food and Drink

Goan cuisine plays a big role in the festivities. During the feast, you’ll find an abundance of traditional Goan dishes being served in local eateries and food stalls. Dishes like sorpotel, vindaloo, bebinca, and prawn balchão are must-tries.

The streets of Old Goa are lined with food stalls offering a variety of snacks, sweets, and drinks, making it a feast for the senses. It’s also a time when families come together to share meals, often cooking special dishes passed down through generations.

Community Involvement

The local Goan community is deeply involved in the Feast of St. Francis Xavier. From organizing the events and processions to hosting pilgrims and participating in the rituals, the feast is a collective effort that unites the community.

Schools, churches, and local organizations often come together to ensure the smooth running of the festivities. For many Goans, this feast is a time of pride and joy, as they showcase their faith and hospitality to the world.

7. Impact on Old Goa

Traffic and Crowds

During the Feast of St. Francis Xavier, Old Goa transforms into a bustling hub, with thousands of visitors pouring in from all directions. The roads leading to the Basilica of Bom Jesus experience heavy traffic, and parking can be a challenge.

Local authorities implement special traffic management plans, including one-way routes and designated parking areas, to handle the influx of vehicles.

If you're planning to visit, it's advisable to use public transportation or shuttle services provided by the authorities. Expect large crowds, especially on the feast day and during the Exposition, so be prepared for long queues and crowded spaces.

Local Economy

The feast is a significant economic event for Old Goa and the surrounding areas. The influx of pilgrims and tourists brings a temporary but substantial boost to local businesses.

Hotels, restaurants, and shops see increased patronage, while street vendors and local artisans also benefit from the larger crowds.

This period is crucial for many small businesses that rely on the additional income generated during the feast.

Additionally, the local tourism industry sees a spike, with many visitors extending their stay to explore other parts of Goa.

Environmental Considerations

With the large number of visitors, environmental concerns become paramount. The Church and local authorities have been increasingly focused on sustainability efforts during the feast.

Initiatives include waste management programs, the use of biodegradable materials, and awareness campaigns encouraging pilgrims to minimize their environmental impact.

Visitors are encouraged to be mindful of their waste, avoid littering, and participate in keeping Old Goa clean. These efforts are crucial to preserving the natural beauty of the area while accommodating the large crowds.

8. Important Dates and Schedule

Feast Day

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated annually on December 3rd, marking the anniversary of the saint's death in 1552.

The main events of the day include the Solemn High Mass, which usually begins in the morning, and various processions that take place throughout the day.

Pilgrims and visitors start gathering early, with some even arriving the night before to secure a spot inside the Basilica or close to the outdoor screens.

Exposition Timeline

During an Exposition year, the event typically begins at the end of November and runs for about 45 days, ending in early January. The relics are brought down for public veneration on the first day of the Exposition, following a special ceremony.

The Exposition is open daily, with extended hours to accommodate the large number of visitors.

Each day follows a schedule of masses, processions, and special blessings. For the most immersive experience, visiting during the first few days or the closing days is recommended, as these tend to be particularly significant.

Must-Attend Events

While the Solemn High Mass on December 3rd is the highlight, there are other key events you shouldn’t miss. The opening ceremony of the Exposition is a deeply moving event, as is the final procession when the relics are returned to their resting place.

Additionally, the daily masses and special prayer services during the Novena are important for those seeking a more spiritual connection.

Cultural performances and community events, often held in the evenings, provide a chance to experience Goan culture alongside the religious celebrations.

9. Practical Tips for Visitors

What to Wear

Given the religious nature of the event, it's important to dress modestly. Light, breathable clothing is recommended due to Goa’s warm climate, but ensure that shoulders and knees are covered, especially when entering churches.

Comfortable footwear is essential, as you’ll likely be walking and standing for extended periods.

If you’re attending early morning or evening services, consider bringing a light shawl or sweater, as it can get cooler.

Getting Around

Transportation options during the feast include buses, taxis, and auto-rickshaws. Special shuttle services are often arranged by the Church and local government to ferry visitors from major hubs to Old Goa.

If you're driving, plan your route in advance, as many roads are closed or rerouted.

Parking is usually available in designated areas, but it fills up quickly, so arriving early is advisable.

For those staying in Panaji or nearby areas, using public transportation or rideshare services can help avoid the stress of traffic and parking.

Health and Safety

With large crowds, it's important to stay vigilant and take care of your health. Carry a water bottle to stay hydrated, as the warm weather can be draining. Basic first-aid stations and medical facilities are set up around Old Goa, but it's a good idea to have any necessary medications with you.

Keep your belongings secure, as crowded areas can attract pickpockets. If you’re attending with children or elderly family members, plan for rest breaks and know where to find help if needed.

10. Nearby Attractions

Other Churches in Old Goa

Old Goa, once the heart of Portuguese India, is home to several magnificent churches, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

After visiting the Basilica of Bom Jesus, make sure to explore the Se Cathedral, which is one of the largest churches in Asia and known for its impressive Golden Bell.

Another must-see is the Church of St. Cajetan, modeled after St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, with its stunning Corinthian architecture and ornate interiors.

The Church of St. Augustine is mostly in ruins now, but the remaining tower is a poignant reminder of its former glory.

Museums and Galleries

Old Goa is not just about churches; it also offers a glimpse into Goa’s rich history through its museums and galleries. The Archaeological Museum near the Basilica of Bom Jesus houses artifacts from Goa’s pre-colonial and colonial past, including portraits of Portuguese viceroys and a fascinating collection of sculptures.

The Christian Art Museum, located within the Convent of Santa Monica, showcases an impressive collection of religious art, including statues, paintings, and vestments.

These museums provide context to the religious and cultural significance of the area.

Shopping and Souvenirs

While in Old Goa, take some time to shop for local crafts and souvenirs. The streets near the Basilica are lined with stalls selling a variety of items, from religious artifacts like rosaries and crucifixes to traditional Goan handicrafts.

You’ll find beautiful azulejos (Portuguese-style ceramic tiles), local spices, and handwoven textiles. For something unique, look for Feni, a traditional Goan spirit made from cashew or coconut, which makes for a distinctive souvenir.

You may haggle and bargain. But yes, do so politely; it’s part of the local shopping experience!

11. The Exposition in the Modern Era

Technological Advancements

In recent years, the Exposition has embraced modern technology to enhance the experience for visitors. Live streaming of the events is now available for those who cannot attend in person, allowing a global audience to participate in the celebrations.

The Church also uses social media platforms to share updates, schedules, and spiritual messages, helping to reach a broader audience.

Additionally, digital guides and mobile apps have been introduced to assist pilgrims with navigation, schedules, and historical information, making the experience more accessible and informative.

Media Coverage

The Exposition and the Feast of St. Francis Xavier receive extensive media coverage, both locally and internationally. Major news outlets, religious channels, and travel bloggers document the events, capturing the essence of the celebrations and the significance of the feast.

This coverage helps to spread awareness about the event, attracting more visitors and increasing its global appeal. The media also plays a crucial role in preserving the legacy of the Exposition, ensuring that the stories and experiences of the pilgrims are shared with the world.

Global Participation

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier and the Exposition have always had a global dimension, but in the modern era, this has expanded even further. Pilgrims from all over the world, especially from countries where St. Francis Xavier carried out his missionary work, like Japan and Malaysia, make their way to Goa for the event.

The Church encourages participation through international outreach, inviting clergy and laypeople from around the globe to be part of the celebrations.

This global participation highlights the universal appeal of St. Francis Xavier’s legacy and the shared sense of faith among Catholics worldwide.

12. Closing Thoughts

The Spiritual Takeaway

The Feast of St. Francis Xavier and the Exposition are not just events; they are profound spiritual experiences that leave a lasting impact on those who participate. Whether you’re a devout Catholic or simply a visitor drawn by the cultural significance, the atmosphere of devotion, the beauty of the rituals, and the sense of community are deeply moving.

For many, attending the feast is a time of spiritual reflection, renewal, and connection with the divine, making it a transformative experience.

Why It’s a Must-Visit

Visiting the Feast of St. Francis Xavier and the Exposition is more than just attending a religious event; it’s about immersing yourself in Goa’s rich history, culture, and spirituality.

The grandeur of the churches, the solemnity of the rituals, and the vibrant local traditions make it a unique experience that blends the sacred with the cultural.

Whether you’re there to seek blessings, explore Goa’s heritage, or simply witness an event that has drawn people from around the world for centuries, it’s an experience you won’t forget.

Future of the Feast and Exposition

As we look to the future, the Feast of St. Francis Xavier and the Exposition will continue to evolve, embracing new technologies and reaching even broader audiences.

The core of the event—faith, devotion, and community—will always remain, but the way it’s experienced may change, becoming more accessible to people worldwide.

This balance of tradition and modernity will ensure that the legacy of St. Francis Xavier continues to inspire generations to come.

Feast Of St. Francis Xavier And The Exposition, A Guide By A Goan